Sunday, December 25, 2011

Suna Hai Log

Dhananjay Parmar
Dhananjay Parmar

Hi friend’s
This is just poem and shayari,

Suna hai log usay aankh bhar ke dekhte hain
So us ke shahar main kuchh din thehr ke dekhte hain
Suna hai rabt hai us ko kharab halon se
So apne aap ko barbad kar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai dard ki gahak hain chashm-e nazuk us ki
So ham bhi us ki gali se guzar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai us ko bhi hai sher-o shayari se shagaf
So ham bhi mojazay apnay hunar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai bole to baton se phool jharrtay hain
Ye baat hai to chalo baat kar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai raat use chand takta rehta hai
Sitaray baam-e falak se utar kar dekhtay hain

Suna hai hashr hain us ki ghazaal si aankhain
Suna hai us ko hiran dasht bhar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai din ko usay titliyan satati hain
Suna hai raat ko jugno thahar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai rat se barh kar hain kakulan us ki
Suna hai sham ko saye guzar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai us ki siyah chashmagi qiyamat hai
So us ko surma farosh aankh bhar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai us ke labon se gulab jalate hain
So ham bahar par ilzaam dhar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai aaina tamasal hai jabin us ka
Jo sada dill hain ban sanvar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai jab se hamail hain us ki gardan main
Mizaj aur hi lal-o gauhar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai chashm-e tasavur se dasht-e imkan main
Palang zawaiya us ki kamar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai us ke badan ke tarash aisay hain
Ke phuul apani qabayain qatar ke dekhte hain

Woh sarvqad hai magar begul-e muraad nahin
Ke us shajar pe shagufay samar ke dekhte hain

Bas ek nigah se lutata hai qafila dil ka
So rahravaan-e tamannaa bhi dar ke dekhte hain

Suna hai us ke shabistan se mutasil hai behisht
Makin udhar ke bhi jalway idhar ke dekhte hain

Rukay tu gardishain us ka tawaf karti hain
Chalay to us ko zamanay theher ke dekhte hain

Kisay naseeb ke be parahan usay dekhay
Kabhi kabhi dar-o divaar ghar ke dekhte hain

Kahaniyan hi sahi sab mubalaghay hi sahi
Agar woh khawb hai tabeer kar ke dekhte hain

Ab us ke sheher main thehrain ke kooch kar jayan
Faraz aao sitaray safar ke dekhte hain


Sunday, December 18, 2011

Ehsaan Jataney


Hi friend’s
This is just poem and shayari,


Ab ke ehsaan jataney bhi nahin aya koi
Mein jo rootha tou mananey bhi na aya koi
Aik woh door ke soney bhi na dete they mujhe
Aik yeh wakt ke jaganey bhi na aya koi
Dag-magata tha tou sou hath lapakte they mujhe
Gir gaya hoon tou uthaney bhi nahin aya koi
Janey ahbab pe kya guzri, khuda kher kare
Arsay se neya zakham laganey nahin aya koi
Aese utra hoon dilon se ke hansaana tou kuja
Aik muddat se rulaney bhi nahin aya koi
Yun tou so baar, toota, jura, magar ab ke amin
Aese toota ke bananey bhi nahin aya koi
Deewar hai kisi ki, dareecha kisi ka hai
Lgta hai ghar ka ghar hi asasa kisi ka hai
Ik aur hath bhi hai pas-e-raqs heela jo
Hum tum tou putliyaan hain, tamasha kisi ka hai
Yeh jo hain mere paon kisi aur ke na hon
Chal mein raha hon, Naksh kuf e paa kisi ka hai
Ashkon se bhar raha hon mein apni dareeda mashk
Itne barss ke bad bhi darya kisi ka hai
Kese kahoon ke apni zubaan bolte hain hum
Alfaaz shayed apne hon, lehja kisi ka hai
“”MeNe Boht Se Dost Bnaye”"
“”Kuch Boht Khas!
“”Kuch Boht pyare;
1 Se to MuJe MOHABT B Boht thi!
Kuch Mulk Chor Gaye,
To kisi Ne Ghar Badal Lia,
Kisi Ne MuJe Chor Dia Or kisi ko Mene,
Kuch Doston Se Rabta Hai,Kuch Se Nhi
Koi Apni Ana ki Wja Se Rabta Nhi Krta
Kahin Meri Ana Muje Rokti Hy
Wo Sb Jese B Hen,Jahan Bhi HEn
Main Ab B Unhe Chahta Hun,Or yaad Krta Hun
Q k MeNe Un K Sath Zindgi K yadgar Din Guzare Hen.
Wo ik masoom si chahat
Wo ik benaam si ulfat
Wo meri zaat ka hissa
Wo meri zeest ka qissa
Mjhy mehsoos hota hai
Wo mere pas hai ub bhe
Wo jab jab yad ata hay
Nigahoun me samata hai
Zuban khamosh hoti hai
Magar ye ankh roti hai
Mein khud se puch lete hun
Usay kya pyar hai mjh se
Jawaban soch leti hun
Usay bhe pyar hai “SHAYAD”
Isi “SHAYAD” se wabsta hai
Ub to her khushi meri
Yahi ek lafz “SHAYAD”
Ban gya hai zindagi meri.

Dhananjay Parmar

Friday, December 9, 2011

Ye Faesla

Dhananjay Parmar


Hi friend’s
This is just poem and shayari,

Mili Hayat Hi Aisi Ke Haya Bhi Ro Pari,
Teri Talash Mein Zalim Saza Bhi Ro Pari,
Tujhe Toot Ke Chaha Or Itna Chaha,
Teri Wafa Ke Khatir Wafa Bhi Ro Pari,
Mera Naseeb Meri Qismat Mera Muqadar Bani Tu,
Tujhe Hi Mangte Mangte Dua Bhi Ro Pari,
Kitab-E-Dil Mein Tera Baab Jab Band Kiya,
Khatm Karte Karte Aye Wasi Kitaab Bhi Ro Pari.


Mohabbat ka eraada badal jana bhi mushkil hai
use khona bhi mushkil hai use pana bhi mushkil hai
zaraa si baat par aankhe bhigo kar baith jaate hain
unhe to apne dil ka haal bataana bhi mushkil hai
udaasi unke chehre par gawara nahi lekin
unke khatir sitaare tod kar lana bhi mushkil hai
yahan logo ne khud par etane parde daal rakhe hain
kiske dil me kya hai nazar aana bhi mushkil hai
mana ki khwaabon me mulaakat hogi unse
par yahan to unke binaa nind aana bhi mushkil hai


Be khawb zindagi ka parastaar kon tha,,,???
Itni udas raat mein be daar kon tha,,,?????
Kis ko ye fikr thi k mohabbat mein kia hooa,,,,???
Ham is pe larr rahy they wafadaar kon tha,,,???
So kashtian jala k chaly sahilon se ham,,,
Ab tum ko kia bataen k us paar kon tha,,,,???
Ye faesla to waqt bhi shayed na ker saky,,,,,
Sach kon bolta tha ,adakaar kon tha,,,,???,,


Apni Beeti Howi Rangeen Jawani Dega
Mujhko Tasweer Bhi Dega To Purani Dega,
Adatain Milti Hain Suraaj Se Bohut Kuch Uski
Waqt Rukhsat Bhi Woh Ek, Shaam Suhani Dega,
Mere Mathe Ki Lakeroon Mien Izaafa Kar Ke
Woh Bhi Maazi Ki Tarah Apni Nishaani Dega,
Baraf Ho Jayega Jab Mere Lahu Ka Daryaa
Tab Kaheen Ja Ke Woh Mojoon Ko Rawani Dega,
Meine Yeh Soch Ke Boye Nahin Khwaboon Ke Darakht…
Kaun Jangal Mein Lage Pair Ko Pani Dega

Wo ik masoom si chahat
Wo ik benaam si ulfat
Wo meri zaat ka hissa
Wo meri zeest ka qissa
Mjhy mehsoos hota hai
Wo mere pas hai ub bhe
Wo jab jab yad ata hay
Nigahoun me samata hai
Zuban khamosh hoti hai
Magar ye ankh roti hai
Mein khud se puch leta hun
Usay kya pyar hai mjh se
Jawaban soch leta hun
Usay bhe pyar hai “SHAYAD”
Isi “SHAYAD” se wabsta hai
Ub to her khushi meri
Yahi ek lafz “SHAYAD”
Ban gya hai zindagi meri.



Dhananjay Parmar


Sunday, December 4, 2011

Bran Castle


Dhananjay Parmar
Hi friend’s

This is Extreme World Info


--------------------

Bran Castle
RomanianCastelul Bran
GermanTörzburg
HungarianTörcsvár
Castelul Bran.jpg
Bran Castle
Bran Castle is located in Romania
Bran Castle
Location within Romania
Alternative namesMister Valentin's house
General information
TypeFortress
Architectural styleMedieval
LocationBran, near BraşovRomania
AddressStr. G-ral Traian Mosoiu, nr.24, Bran
CountryRomania
Coordinates45°30′54″N 25°22′02″E
Elevation2,500 feet (760 m)
OwnerArchduke Dominic of Austria-Tuscany


For the castle at Llangollen, Wales, see Castell Dinas Brân.
"Törzburg" and "Törcsvár" redirect here. For the commune that bears those names in German and Hungarian, see Bran, Braşov.

Bran Castle (RomanianCastelul BranGermanTörzburgHungarianTörcsvár), situated near Bran and in the immediate vicinity ofBraşov, is a national monument and landmark in Romania. The fortress is situated on the border between Transylvania andWallachia, on DN73. Commonly known as "Dracula's Castle" (although it is one among several locations linked to the Draculalegend, including Poenari Castle and Hunyad Castle), it is the home of the title character in Bram Stoker's Dracula. There is, however, no evidence that Stoker knew anything about this castle, which has only tangential associations with Vlad IIIvoivode ofWallachia, the putative inspiration for Dracula. As discovered by the Dutch author Hans Corneel de Roos,[1] the location Bram Stoker actually had in mind for Castle Dracula while writing his novel was an empty mountain top, Mount Izvorul Călimanului, 2,033 metres (6,670 ft) high, located in the Transylvanian Călimani Alps near the former border with Moldavia.
The castle is now a museum open to tourists, displaying art and furniture collected by Queen Marie.[2] Tourists can see the interior individually or by a guided tour. At the bottom of the hill is a small open-air museum park exhibiting traditional Romanian peasantstructures (cottages, barns, etc.) from across the country.[3]


History

In 1212, Teutonic Knights built the wooden castle of Dietrichstein as a fortified position in the Burzenland at the entrance to amountain pass through which traders had travelled for more than a millennium, but in 1242 it was destroyed by the Mongols. The first documented mentioning of Bran Castle is the act issued by Louis I of Hungary on 19 November 1377, giving the Saxons of Kronstadt (Brașov) the privilege to build the stone castle on their own expense and labor force; the settlement of Bran began to develop nearby. In 1438–1442, the castle was used in defense against the Ottoman Empire, and later became a customs post on the mountain pass between Transylvania and Wallachia. It is believed the castle was briefly held by Mircea the Elder of Wallachia (r. 1386–1395, 1397–1418) during whose period the customs point was established. The Wallachian ruler Vlad Țepeș (Vlad the Impaler; 1448–1476) does not seem to have had a significant role in the history of the fortress, although he passed several times through the Bran Gorge. Bran Castle belonged to the Hungarian Kings but due to the failure of King Vladislas II (r. 1471–1516) to repay loans, the city of Brasov regained possession of the fortress in 1533. Bran played a militarily strategic role up to the mid-18th century.[4]
In 1920, the castle became a royal residence within the Kingdom of Romania. It became the favorite home and retreat of Queen Marie. The castle was inherited by her daughter Princess Ileana who ran a hospital there in World War II: it was later seized by thecommunist regime with the expulsion of the royal family in 1948.[3]
In 2005, the Romanian government passed a special law allowing restitution claims on properties illegally expropriated, such as Bran, and thus a year later the castle was awarded ownership to Dominic von Habsburg, the son and heir of Princess Ileana.[5][6]
In September 2007, an investigation committee of the Romanian Parliament stated that the retrocession of the castle to Archduke Dominic was illegal, as it broke the Romanian law on property and succession.[7] However, in October 2007 the Constitutional Court of Romania rejected the parliament's petition on the matter. In addition, an investigation commission of the Romanian government issued a decision in December 2007 reaffirming the validity and legality of the restitution procedures used and confirming that the restitution was made in full compliance with the law.[8][9]
On 18 May 2009, the Bran Castle administration was transferred from the government to the administration of Archduke Dominic and his sisters Maria-Magdalena Holzhausen and Elisabeth Sandhofer. On 1 June 2009, the Habsburgs opened the refurbished castle to the public as the first private museum of the country and disclosed with Bran Village a joint strategic concept to maintain their domination in the Romanian tourist circuit and to safeguard the economic base in the region.

Photographs


Official Site of Castle Bran
http://www.bran-castle.com/

This page was last modified on 26 June 2016, at 22:50.
Credit : https://en.wikipedia.org

Dhananjay Parmar

Saturday, December 3, 2011

Borujerdis House

Dhananjay Parmar

Hi friend’s
This is Extreme World Info

The Borujerdi House (Persianخانهٔ بروجردی‌ها‎‎ Khāneh-ye Borujerdihā) is a historic house in KashanIran.
The house was built in 1857 by architect Ustad Ali Maryam, for the wife of Seyyed Mehdi Borujerdi, a wealthy merchant. The wife came from the affluent Tabatabaei family, which Seyyed Mehdi fall in love with her and built this house for her.
It consists of a rectangular beautiful courtyard, delightful wall paintings by the royal painter Sani ol molk, and three 40 meter tall wind towerswhich help cool the house to unusually cool temperatures. It has 3 entrances, and all the classic signatures of traditional Persian residential architecture, such as biruni yard (exterior yard) and daruni yard (andarun) (interior yard). The house took eighteen years to build using 150 craftsmen.

Gallery



This page was last modified on 9 July 2016, at 11:29.


Dhananjay Parmar

Friday, December 2, 2011

Naqsh E Jahan Square

Dhananjay Parmar

Hi friend’s

This is Extreme World Info

Naqsh-e Jahan Square



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Esfahan *
Naqsh-e Jahān Square: Ali Qapu (right), Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque (left) and Shah Mosque (front)
CountryFlag of Iran.svg Iran
TypeCultural
Criteriai, v, vi
Reference115
Region **Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription1979 (3rd Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List
** Region as classified by UNESCO
Naqsh-e Jahan Square (Persian: میدان نقش جهانMaidān-e Naqsh-e Jahān; trans: "Image of the World Square"), known as Imam Square (میدان امام), formerly known as Shah Square (میدان شاه), is a square situated at the center of Isfahan city, Iran. Constructed between 1598 and 1629, it is now an important historical site, and one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. It is 160 meters wide by 508 meters long[1] (an area of 89,600 m2). The square is surrounded by buildings from the Safavid era. The Shah Mosque is situated on the south side of this square. On the west side is the Ali Qapu Palace. Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque is situated on the eastern side of this square and the northern side opens into the Isfahan Grand Bazaar. Today, Namaaz-e Jom'eh (the Muslim Friday prayer) is held in the Shah Mosque.
The square is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote.[2]

History

Naghs Jahan Horses.JPG
In 1598, when Shah Abbas decided to move the capital of his Persian empire from the north-western city of Qazvin to the central city of Isfahan, he initiated what would become one of the greatest programmes in Persian history; the complete remaking of the city. By choosing the central city of Isfahan, fertilized by the Zāyande roud ("The life-giving river"), lying as an oasis of intense cultivation in the midst of a vast area of arid landscape, he both distanced his capital from any future assaults by the Ottomans and the Uzbeks, and at the same time gained more control over the Persian Gulf, which had recently become an important trading route for the Dutch and British East India Companies.[3]
The chief architect of this colossal task of urban planning was Shaykh Bahai (Baha' ad-Din al-`Amili),[4] who focused the programme on two key features of Shah Abbas's master plan: the Chahar Bagh avenue, flanked at either side by all the prominent institutions of the city, such as the residences of all foreign dignitaries, and the Naqsh-e Jahan Square ("Examplar of the World").[5] Prior to the Shah's ascent to power, Persia had a decentralized power-structure, in which different institutions battled for power, including both the military (the Qizilbash) and governors of the different provinces making up the empire. Shah Abbas wanted to undermine this political structure, and the recreation of Isfahan, as a Grand capital of Persia, was an important step in centralizing the power.[6] The ingenuity of the square, or Maidān, was that, by building it, Shah Abbas would gather the three main components of power in Persia in his own backyard; the power of the clergy, represented by the Masjed-e Shah, the power of the merchants, represented by the Imperial Bazaar, and of course, the power of the Shah himself, residing in the Ali Qapu Palace.

Maidan - The Royal Square


Naghsh-i Jahan square.
The Maidan was where the Shah and the people met. Built as a two story row of shops, flanked by impressive architecture, and eventually leading up to the northern end, where the Imperial Bazaar was situated, the square was a busy arena of entertainment and business, exchanged between people from all corners of the world. As Isfahan was a vital stop along the Silk Road, goods from all the civilized countries of the world, spanning from Portugal in the West, to the Middle Kingdom in the East, found its ways to the hands of gifted merchants, who knew how to make the best profits out of them.
The Royal Square was also admired by Europeans who visited Isfahan during Shah Abbas' reign. Pietro Della Valle conceded that it outshone the Piazza Navona in his native Rome.
During the day, much of the square was occupied by the tents and stalls of tradesmen, who paid a weekly rental to the government. There were also entertainers and actors. For the hungry, there were readily available cooked foods or slices of melon, while cups of water were handed out for free by water-carriers paid for by the shop-keepers. At the entrance to the Imperial Bazaar, there were coffee-houses, where people could relax over a cup of fresh coffee and a water-pipe.[7] These shops can still be found today, although the drink in fashion for the past century has been tea, rather than coffee. At dusk, the shop-keepers packed up, and the huzz and buzz of tradesmen and eager shoppers bargaining over the prices of goods would be given over to dervishes, mummers, jugglers, puppet-players, acrobats and prostitutes.[8]
Every now and then the square would be cleared off for public ceremonies and festivities. One such occasion would be the annual event of Nowruz, the Persian New Year. Also, the national Persian sport of polo could be played in the maidan, providing the Shah, residing in the Ali Qapu palace, and the busy shoppers with some entertainment.[9][10] The marble goal-posts, erected by Shah Abbas, still stand at either end of the Maydan.
Panoramic view from the square
Under Abbas, Isfahan became a very cosmopolitan city, with a resident population of Turks, Georgians, Armenians, Indians, Chinese and a growing number of Europeans. Shah Abbas brought in some 300 Chinese artisans to work in the royal workshops and to teach the art of porcelain-making. The Indians were present in very large numbers, housed in the many caravanserais that were dedicated to them,[11] and they mainly worked as merchants and money-changers. The Europeans were there as merchants, Roman Catholic missionaries, artists and craftsmen. Even soldiers, usually with expertise in artillery, would make the journey from Europe to Persia to make a living.[12] The Portuguese ambassador, De Gouvea, once stated that:
“The people of Isfahan are very open in their dealings with foreigners, having to deal every day with people of several other nations.”[13]
Also, many historians have wondered about the peculiar orientation of the maidān. Unlike most buildings of importance, this square did not lie in alignment with Mecca, so that when entering the entrance-portal of the Shah Mosque, one makes, almost without realising it, the half-right turn which enables the main court within to face Mecca. Donald Wilber gives the most plausible explanation to this; the vision of Shaykh Bahai was for the mosque to be visible wherever in the maydān a person was situated. Had the axis of the maydān coincided with the axis of Mecca, the dome of the mosque would have been concealed from view by the towering entrance-portal leading to it. By creating an angle between them, the two parts of the building, the entrance-portal and the dome, are in perfect view for everyone within the square to admire.[14]

Masjed-e Shah - The Pinnacle of Safavid Architecture


The Shah Mosque at night.
The Crown Jewel in the Naghs-e Jahan Square was the Masjed-e Shah, which would replace the much older Jameh Mosque in conducting the Friday prayers. To achieve this, the Shah Mosque was constructed not only with vision of grandeur, having the largest dome in the city, but Shaykh Bahai also planned the construction of a religious school and a winter-mosque clamped at either side of it.[15]

The Lotfollah Mosque - The Private Room of the Shah's Harem


The Lotfollah Mosque had a secret entrance that spanned underneath the Maidan, from the Palace on the opposite side of the square.
Of the four monuments that dominated the perimeter of the Naqsh-e Jahan square, the Lotfollah Mosque, opposite the palace, was the first to be built. The purpose of this mosque was for it to be a private mosque of the royal court, unlike the Shah mosque|Masjed-e Shah, which was meant for the public.[16] For this reason, the mosque does not have any minarets and is of a smaller size. Indeed, few Westerners at the time of the Safavids even paid any attention to this mosque, and they certainly did not have access to it. It wasn't until centuries later, when the doors were opened to the public, that ordinary people could admire the effort that Shah Abbas had put into making this a sacred place for the ladies of his harem, and the exquisite tile-work, which is far superior to those covering the Shah Mosque.

Ali Qapu Palace

Ali Qapu (pronounced, ah-lee gah-pooh) is in effect but a pavilion that marks the entrance to the vast royal residential quarter of the Safavid Isfahan which stretched from the Maidan Naqsh-i-Jahan to the Chahar Bagh Boulevard. The name is made of two elements: "Ali", Arabic for exalted, and "Qapu" Turkic for portal or royal threshold. The compound stands for "Exalted Porte". This name was chosen by the Safavids to rival the Ottomans' celebrated name for their court : Bab-i Ali, or the "Sublime Porte"). It was here that the great monarch used to entertain noble visitors, and foreign ambassadors. Shah Abbas, here for the first time celebrated the Nowruz (New Year's Day) of 1006 AH / 1597 A.D. A large and massive rectangular structure, the Ali Qapu is 48 m (157 ft) high and has six floors, fronted with a wide terrace whose ceiling is inlaid and supported by wooden columns.
On the sixth floor, the royal reception and banquets were held. The largest rooms are found on this floor. The stucco decoration of the banquet hall abounds in motif of various vessels and cups. The sixth floor was popularly called (the music room) as it was here that various ensembles performed music and sang songs. From the upper galleries, the Safavid ruler watched polo games, maneuvers and horse-racing below in the Naqsh-i-Jahan square.[17]

The Imperial Bazaar


a handicraft shop at bazar
The Bazaar of Isfahan is a historical market and one of the oldest and largest bazaars of the Middle East. Although the present structure dates back to the Safavid era, parts of it are more than a thousand years old, dating back to the Seljuq dynasty. It is a vaulted, two kilometer street linking the old city with the new.[18]

Panoramic views

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.pps.org/great_public_spaces/one?public_place_id=672
  2. ^ Central Bank of Iran. Banknotes & Coins: 20000 Rials. – Retrieved on 24 March 2009.
  3. ^ Savory, Roger; Iran under the Safavids, p. 155.
  4. ^ Kheirabadi Masoud (2000). Iranian Cities: Formation and Development. Syracuse University Press. pp. 47.
  5. ^ Sir Roger Stevens; The Land of the Great Sophy, p. 172.
  6. ^ Savory; chpt: The Safavid empire at the height of its power under Shāh Abbas the Great (1588-1629)
  7. ^ Blow, David; Shah Abbas. The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend; pp. 195-6
  8. ^ Savory, Roger; Iran Under the Safavids; pp. 158-9
  9. ^ Blow; pp. 195-6
  10. ^ Savory; pp. 159-60
  11. ^ Blake, Stephen P.; Half the World. The Social Arhitecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590-1722, pp. 117-9.
  12. ^ Blow, 206
  13. ^ Blow; p. 206
  14. ^ Wilber, Donald; Aspects of the Safavid Ensemble at Isfahan, in Iranian Studies VII: Studies on Isfahan Part II, p 407-408.
  15. ^ Blake, Stephen P.; Half the World, The Social Architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590-1722, p. 143-144.
  16. ^ Ferrier, R. W.; A Journey to Persia, Jean Chardin's Portrait of a Seventeenth-century Empire; p. 53, p.143
  17. ^ UNESCO evaluation
  18. ^ "Bazaar at Isfahan". Archnet.org. http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=3945. Retrieved 2007-07-19.

External links


This page was last modified on 28 May 2012 at 15:23.